|
|
Prof David D Clarke
School of Psychology, University
of Nottingham, NG7 2RD |
Page discontinued 2/9/14
Please go to
https://sites.google.com/site/nottinghamddc/outline-cv
• University Education etc
University of
Cambridge (Haswell Exhibitioner, Sidney Sussex College)
2nd MB 1970; BA
(Medical Sciences & Psychology) 1971; MA 1975; PhD (Social & Political
Sciences) 1987
University
of Oxford (St John's College)
MA 1976; DPhil
(Psychology) 1976
British
Psychological Society
FBPsS 1985; CPsychol
1988; CSci 2007
• Appointments Held
University of Oxford, Department of Experimental
Psychology
1975-76 Research Associate; 1976-83 Research Officer; 1983-87 Senior
Research Officer
Wolfson College, Oxford
1976-82 Junior Research
Fellow; 1982-87 Research Fellow; 1987- Member of Common Room; 1992 Visiting
Scholar
University of Cambridge
1976-77 Visiting lecturer in Social and Political Sciences
University of Nottingham, School of Psychology
1987-91 Lecturer in Psychology; 1987- Director, Action Analysis Group; 1987-
Co-Director, Accident Research Unit; 1991-99 Reader; 1999- Professor of
Psychology; 1999-2000 Director of Teaching; 2000-01 Chair of University
Postgraduate Studies Committee; 2001-05 & 2009-10 Head of School of Psychology; 2007-
Chair of University of Nottingham Transport Research; 2007- Professor of the
Institute of Mental Health; 2008- Member of University Council.
• Research Interests
"Of all the truths relating to
phenomena, the most valuable to us are those which relate to the order of their
succession. On a knowledge of these is founded every reasonable anticipation of
future facts, and whatever power we possess of influencing those facts to our
advantage." (John Stuart Mill, 1851)
My research is about
sequences of actions and events. Partly this is for practical reasons -
patterns of events, if understood appropriately, can be steered towards
good outcomes and away from bad ones. Partly it is for theoretical
reasons - the sequence of events produced by any system is
characteristic of its internal processes. This provides a good way of
doing research even when experiments as such are impossible, perhaps
because the topic involves lives or events in the past, or because the
interesting causal factors are too difficult or too vital to manipulate
for experimental purposes.
There are three general
objectives. One is to find new, different and better ways to extract
patterns from sequences of events. The second is to find out more about
the processes which make the sequences as they are. The third is to
exploit the practical applications of these methods and findings.
There is no particular
topic. This approach works with events in the short term, such as
episodes of human-computer interaction, or the long term such as life
stories and relationships; with practical problems such as work-place
violence, or theoretical ones such as language change.
Three terms describe the way I try
to go about this:
Natural psychology -
The reintegration of scientific and everyday psychological ideas. As
well as the conventional approach to psychology, calling to mind a view
of science and applying it to 'human nature', we need the complementary
approach, calling to mind our current (everyday) understanding of human
nature and working to make it more systematic and scientific. I think
this is a pressing need for some parts of psychology. If we cannot find
room for lay people's psychology in what we do, there is not much
chance of them finding room for our psychology in what they do.
Extended sequence analysis
- The methods and research possibilities that lie just beyond the
standard probabilistic techniques of sequence analysis - exploring and
extending the 'zone of proximal development' of this approach.
Structured judgement methods - Research approaches that rely on expert
interpretation of (sometimes qualitative) data, but framed within rigorous
standardised procedures to increase reliability and validity.
This is partly a 'holistic'
approach. Episodes of behaviour often have to be pieced together to see what
they are part of, as much as taken to bits to see what they are made of.
• Current Activities
Over the last few years
I have mainly worked on road traffic collisions, reconstructing the
sequential patterns of events in several thousand accidents from police
case-files in major projects for the Department for Transport.
I was also founding
chair of UNTR (University of Nottingham Transport Research). This
brings together over 100 researchers across the Faculties of Science
and Engineering, attracting around 8 million pounds a year in research
grants and contracts, with 30 million pounds worth of current research
in Aerospace alone. As well as funding from research councils and
government departments, it has strategic alliances with Airbus, BAE
Systems, Ford, GE, Highways Agency, Honda, Jaguar, Network Rail,
Rolls-Royce and Shell. It has several EPSRC Platform Grants related to
transport research, in addition to the Nottingham IMRC, collaboration
in the Rail Research Centre, and funding from FP7 and the Marie Curie
Fellowship Programme.
I was a founder member
of the University of Nottingham 'Institute for the Study of Genetics,
Biorsisks and Society' (IGBiS), which later became the 'Institute for
Science and Society' (ISS). This multi-disciplinary institute began by
studying the psychological, social, legal, and historical implications
of the new biological techniques of genomics, genetic modification,
cloning, and other developments in biotechnology, as well as
contemporary biological hazards like prion diseases, and the current
risks in agriculture and food production. As ISS, the Institute has
been incorporated into the School of Sociology and Social Policy, where
it provides a focus on the socially responsible use of innovations in
clinical and biological sciences and their associated technologies,
including clinical genetics; the cloning of domesticated animals;
functional foods; and the impact of environmental change. The
University has long been a centre of excellence in researching these
areas and now brings the disciplines of social science, law and the
humanities into the arena. In addition, the 'Making Science Public:
Challenges and Opportunities' project has a £1.66m grant from The
Leverhulme Trust over 5 years and this programme will focus on three
main topics: food, agriculture and animals; energy and environment; and
health and social policy.
Next, I want to look in
more detail at the processes controlling the serial organisation of
behaviour, including some aspects the relation between emotion,
cognition and action, and a peculiar temporal asymmetry that occurs in
some behaviour sequences, which we call the 'super-reversal effect'.
• Research Grants
These
include projects for the ESRC on …
- 'The sequential structure of social
behaviour applied to social skills and group conflict' (1975-80)
- 'The social psychology of long-term
relationships' (1980-85)
- 'The role of emotion in processes of
high-level interaction and control' (1985-87)
- 'Configurations for autonomous
development in cognitive systems' (1985-88)
- 'Attribution theory in transport
research' (1988-89).
- 'Understanding new forms of digital
record for e-Social Science' (2005-2008) - a 'node' of the ESRC 'National
Centre for e-Social Science' based in Manchester, with colleagues in
Computer Science, English, and Psychology
- 'New methods for
predicting violent incidents in clinical settings' (2007-2010): 'CASE' studentship
The Joint Research Councils'
Initiative in Cognitive Science and Human-Computer Interaction
- 'A multidisciplinary exploration of
the problem of joint action' (1990-92),
TRL/DETR/DTLR/DfT etc
- 'The analysis of pre-accident
sequences' (1989-91),
- 'Causal mapping of selected road
accident cases' (1992-95)
- 'In depth accident causation study of
young drivers' (1998-2001)
- 'In depth study of motorcycle and work
related accidents' (2001-2005)
- 'In depth study of trends in fatal
accidents' (2005-2006).
- 'Car driver skills and attitudes in relation to
motorcycle safety (Phase 1)' Co-investigator. (2006)
- 'A detailed analysis of the circumstances
surrounding child-pedestrian road-accidents in the Greater Manchester
area' (2006
- 2007), with NRSI and Greater Manchester Police Authority
- Grant to establish
Transport Research as a strategic priority of the University (2007-2008)
from University of Nottingham Research Committee, and the Schools of Civil
Engineering; Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering;
Psychology; Electrical & Electronic Engineering; and Computer Science
& Information Technology.
- 'Driver Behavioural
Profiling - Feasibility Study' (2007) Co-investigator. The Vehicle and
Operator Services Agency.
- 'Analysis of deprivation
in fatal road-traffic accidents' (2007).
- 'In-depth study of road
traffic accidents involving older drivers' (2007-09).
- 'Car driver skills and attitudes in relation to motorcycle safety (Phases 2-5)' Co-investigator. (2007 - 2009)
- 'A case-study of cyclist fatalities' (2008)
- Feasibility study of analysis methods for fatal road traffic collisions. (2009)
- Project on the link between criminality and fatal collisions for Department for Transport, led by South Yorkshire Police. (2011-13).
- 'Public Perception of Carbon Capture and Storage: A vignette study approach'. Higher Education Innovation Fund. (2011) Co-applicant.
- PhD studentship. National Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage. Co-applicant. (2011-14).
- The 'Listen-up!' project - understanding and helping looked-after young people who self-harm. Department for Health. Co-applicant. (2013-2016)
• Selected Recent
Papers
Weyman, A. K. and Clarke, D. D.
(2003) Investigating the influence of organisational role on perceptions of
risk in deep coal mines. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 404-412. ISSN 0021-9010.Weyman, A. K., Clarke, D. D. and
Cox, T. (2003) Developing a factor model of coal miners' attributions on
risk-taking at work. Work & Stress, 17(4), 306-320. ISSN 0267-8373.
Townsend, E., Clarke, D. D. and
Travis, B. (2004) Effects of context and feelings on perceptions of genetically
modified food. Risk Analysis, 24(5), 1369 - 1384. ISSN 0272-4332.
Clarke, D. D., Ward, P. J. and Truman, W. A. (2005)
Voluntary risk-taking and skill deficits in young driver accidents. Accident
Analysis and Prevention, 37(3), 523-529. ISSN 0001-4575.
Clarke, D. D., Forsyth,
R. S., and Wright, R. L. (2005) A statistical profile of road accidents during
cross-flow turns. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 37(4),
721-730. ISSN 0001-4575.
Fossi, J., Clarke, D. D.
and Lawrence, L. (2005) Bedroom rape: Sequences of sexual behavior in stranger
assaults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(11), 1444-1466. ISSN
0886-2605.
Clarke, D. D., Ward, P., Bartle,
C. and Truman, W. (2006) Young driver accidents in the UK: The influence of
age, experience, and time of day. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 38(5),
872-879. ISSN 0001-4575.
Milton, N., Clarke, D. and
Shadbolt, N. (2006). Knowledge engineering and psychology: Towards a closer
relationship. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64(12),
1214-1229.
Nerlich, B., Clarke,
D. D. and Ulph, F. (2007) Risks and benefits of nanotechnology: How young
adults perceive possible advances in nanomedicine compared with conventional
treatments. Health, Risk & Society, 9(2), 159 - 171. ISSN: 1469-8331
(electronic), 1369-8575 (paper).
Clarke, D. D., Ward,
P. J., Bartle, C., and Truman, W. A. (2007) The role of motorcyclist and other
driver behaviour in two types of serious accident in the UK. Accident
Analysis and Prevention, 39(5), 974-981. ISSN 0001-4575.
Crundall,
D. E., Humphrey, K., and Clarke, D. D. (2008) Perception and appraisal of
approaching motorcycles at junctions. Transportation Research Part F, 11,
159–167. ISSN 1369-8478.
Crundall, D. E., Bibby, P., Clarke, D. D., Ward, P., and Bartle, C. (2008) Car drivers’ attitudes towards motorcyclists: A survey. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 40, 983–993. ISSN 0001-4575.
Forsyth,
R. S., Clarke, D. D., and Lam, P. (2008) Timelines, talk and
transcription: A chronometric approach to simultaneous speech. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 13(2), 225-250. ISSN 1384-6655.
Clarke, D. D., Ward, P. J., Bartle, C. and Truman, W. A. (2009) Work-related road traffic collisions in the UK. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 41, 354-351. ISSN 0001-4575.
Turner, K. and Clarke, D. D. (2009) Aggression in Intellectual Disability - A New Approach. Mental Health Review Journal, 14(2), 28-36. ISSN 1361-9322.
Joseph, S., Beer, C., Clarke, D. D., Forman, A., Pickersgill, M., Swift, J., Taylor, J. and Tischler, V. (2009) Qualitative Research into Mental Health: Reflections on Epistemology. Mental Health Review Journal, 14(1), 36 - 42. ISSN 1361-9322.
Clarke, D. D., Ward, P. J., Bartle, C. and Truman, W. A. (2010) Killer Crashes: Fatal Road Traffic Accidents in the UK. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42(2), 764-770. ISSN 0001-4575.
Clarke, D. D., Ward, P. J., Bartle, C. and Truman, W. A. (2010) Older drivers' road traffic crashes in the UK. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 1018-1024. ISSN 0001-4575.
Lawrence, C., Fossi, J. and Clarke, D. D. (2010) A sequential examination of offenders' verbal strategies during stranger rapes: the influence of location. Psychology, Crime & Law, 16(5), 381-400. ISSN: 1477-2744.
Shahar, A., Alberti, C. F., Clarke, D. D. and Crundall, D. E. (2010) Hazard perception as a function of target location and the field of view. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 1577-1584. ISSN 0001-4575.
Shahar, A., Poulter, D., Clarke, D. D. and Crundall, D. E. (2010) Motorcyclists’ and car drivers’ responses to hazards. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 13(4), pp 243-254. ISSN: 1369-8478.
Shahar, A., Clarke, D., Crundall, D. (2011) Applying the motorcyclist's perspective to improve car drivers' attitudes towards motorcyclists. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 43 (5), pp. 1743-1750.
Crundall,
D. E., Crundall, E., Clarke, D. D. and Shahar, A. (2012) Why do car
drivers fail to give way to motorcycles at t-junctions? Accident Analysis and Prevention. 44 (1), pp. 88-96.
Keatley, D., Clarke, D. D., & Hagger, M. S. (2012). Investigating
the predictive validity of implicit and explicit measures of motivation
on condom use, physical activity and healthy eating. Psychology & Health, 27(5), 550-569.
Nerlich, B., Forsyth, R.S., and Clarke, D. D. (2012) Climate in the
news: How differences in media discourse between the US and UK reflect
national priorities. Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture, 6(1), 44-63.
Shahar, A., van Loon, E., Clarke, D. D. and Crundall, D. E. (2012)
Attending to overtaking cars and motorcycles through the mirrors before
changing lanes. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 44 (1), pp. 104-110.
Lawson,
G., Sharples, S., Clarke, D. D. and Cobb, S. (2013) Validating a low
cost approach for predicting human responses to emergency situations. Applied Ergonomics, 44, 27-43. ISSN 0003-6870.
Keatley, D., Clarke, D. D., and Hagger, M. (2013) Investigating the
predictive validity of implicit and explicit measures of motivation in
problem-solving behavioral tasks. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52(3), 510-24. ISSN 2044-8309.
Keatley, D., Clarke, D. D., and Hagger, M. (2013) The predictive
validity of implicit measures of self-determined motivation across
health-related behaviours. British Journal of Health Psychology, 18, 2-17. ISSN 1359-107X.
• Further Information
For more publications, click here.
Research grants are listed here.
Successful PhD students are here.
Page discontinued 2/9/14
Please go to
https://sites.google.com/site/nottinghamddc/outline-cv
Last updated 08/04/14
Author David Clarke
http://www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/ddc