Morphology

Morphology is a field of linguistics focused on the study of the forms and formation of words in a language. [...]
Free Morphemes: morphemes which can be used as a word on their own. They generally consist of separate English word forms such as nouns, verbs and adjectives.
Bound morphemes: morphemes which can not occur on their own as an independent word. They are generally prefixes and suffixes like re, ist, ed, s in the words reprint, typist, talked and boys, for example and are attached to other forms which are described as stemsbasic word forms. [...]
Lexical morphemes lexical content words: set of ordinary nouns, verbs and adjectives that carry the content of messages we convey. Since we can add new lexical morphemes to the language, we call these morphemes open class words.
Functional morphemes grammatical words: the class of words which consist of functional words in a language. We also call them closed class words because we can not add new functional morphemes to a language. [...]
Derivational Morphemes: these bound morphemes are used to produce new lexical words from the existing ones and they can be both prefixes and suffixes. There is the change of meaning because there is the change of lexical category. Inflectional morphemes: used to signal grammatical function of a word, not to produce new words in a language. They are only found in suffixes and there is no change of meaning or lexical category. These morphemes always come after the derivational morphemes. Derivational Morphemes  1.Derivational morphemes derive a new word by being attached to root morphemes or stems. [...]
Inflectional Morphemes 1.Inflectional morphemes give grammatical information such as number plural, tense, possession and so on. [...]
The relationship between a morpheme and its morphs and allomorphs is parallel to the relationship between a phoneme and its phones and allophones.
A morpheme is manifested as one or more morphs surface forms in different environments. These morphs are called allomorphs.
A phoneme is manifested as one or more phones phonetic sounds in different environments. These phones are called allophones. derivational morphology
Derivational morphology is concerned with the relationships between lexical words and the different ways new lexical words can be created through three processes: [...]
Affixation: the morphological process whereby an affix is attached to a root. A suffix usually changes the class of a word, while prefixation nearly maintains it. Compounding Compound: a combination of two or more words, nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs to make a single one whose meaning cannot necessarily be predicted from the meanings of the component words. Essentially any two words can be combined to form a compound. The meaning of a compound cannot be predicted from the meaning of the words from which it is formed. Conversion
Conversion: a linguistic process that assigns an already existing word to a new word class without any change in form, a word of one lexical category is converted to a word of another lexical category.

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