The Migrants

At the first European Literature Days in 2009, Jürgen Ritte, a literary scholar at the Sorbonne Paris, responded in answer to the question “Is there a European literature?” – “No and yes. Yes. Of course there is – there are shared lines of heritage. No, it has always been an export–import undertaking, like Europe and its culture in general. It’s a fruitful melange. A formidable machinery that assimilates everything from Chinese noodles, Japanese prints and South American plants, and has made everything, which it encounters, its own.”

In 2015, ELit Literaturehouse Europe poses the question about European literature from a socio-political, cultural and literary perspective. How does European contemporary literature change with the growing migration of writers from non-European cultures? The focus is on the migrants – which languages and which cultural understanding they leave their country with, how they learn a country’s language and culture that they migrate to, and how they change the language and culture of the country in which they continue to live?

To approach and clarify this issue it seems primarily important to consider the writers for whom this tension-ridden area particularly applies. The purpose is to trace migrants among writers in Europe – no matter whether they come from within Europe or from countries outside Europe.
Were they already writers upon leaving their country of origin, or did they first begin writing their after migration? What language do they write in? How did they learn the new language? Do they write about the culture of their native country or about their new home? Are they proactive in their country of origin? Are they proactive in their new home? Are they perceived as writers of their new country or more as exotic personalities? How does their literary language alter by living in-between two cultures? How do they change and enrich the language?

***

Bei den ersten Europäischen Literaturtagen im Jahr 2009 schrieb Jürgen Ritte, Literaturwissenschaftler an der Sorbonne Paris, zur Frage „Gibt es eine europäische Literatur?“- „Nein und ja. Ja. Natürlich gibt es sie, gibt es gemeinsame Traditionslinien. Nein, sie ist immer ein Export- Importunternehmen gewesen, wie Europa und seine Kultur überhaupt. Ein fruchtbares Gemisch. Eine formidable Maschinerie, die über chinesische Nudeln, japanische Drucke und südamerikanische Pflanzen alles assimiliert, alles zu ihrem Eigenen gemacht hat, was ihr begegnet ist.“
2015 stellt ELit Literaturhaus Europa die Frage nach der europäischen Literatur aus einer gesellschaftspolitisch kulturellen und literarischen Perspektive. Wie verändert sich die Europäische Gegenwartsliteratur durch die vermehrte Einwanderung von Autoren aus außereuropäischen Kulturen?
Das Augenmerk gilt den Ausgewanderten – mit wlechen Sprachen und welchem Kulturverständnis verlassen sie ihre Land, wie lernen sie die Sprache und Kultur des Landes kennen, in das sie einwanderen, und wie verändern sie Sprache und Kultur des Landes, in dem sie fortan leben?
Zur Annäherung und Klärung scheint vor allem nötig, sich den Autoren zuzuwenden, auf die dieses Spannungsfeld besonders zutrifft. Es gilt Auswanderer unter den Schriftstellern in Europa aufzuspüren – gleichwohl sie innerhalb von Europa kommen oder aus außereuropäischen Ländern.
Waren sie schon Autoren, als sie ihr Ursprungsland verließen, oder begannen sie erst nach der Auswanderung zu schreiben? In welcher Sprache schreiben sie? Wie lernten sie die neue Sprache? Schreiben sie über die Kultur ihres Ursprungslandes oder über die ihrer neuen Heimat? Engagieren sie sich in ihrem Ursprungsland? Engagieren sie sich in ihrer neuen Heimat? Werden sie als Autoren des neuen Landes wahrgenommen oder eher als Exoten? Wie verändert sich ihre literarische Sprache durch das Leben zwischen zwei Kulturen? Wie verändern und bereichern sie die Sprache?

Wrong and right – right or wrong?/ Falsch und richtig – richtig oder falsch? (3)

Finally, I would like to speculate on three (almost) non-polemical (non-partisan) thoughts: 1.) There have always been writers who work in a lingua franca. The most famous of them and the names most frequently mentioned are Joseph Conrad, Vladimir Nabokov and Samuel Beckett. It is less well known that writers from Greenland almost exclusively write…

Wrong and right – right or wrong?/ Falsch und richtig – richtig oder falsch? (2)

Can a ‘wrong’ Austrian produce ‘right’ Austrian literature? I haven’t escaped this question so far. It seems to be a genuine ‘questionable case’ (Fragefalle), or a ‘trap’ question (Fallenfrage). The trap is always set up in the same way: whenever I’m invited to give a reading, initially plenty of time is devoted to explaining why…

Wrong and right – right or wrong?/ Falsch und richtig – richtig oder falsch? (1)

On 5 July the following article appeared in all German-speaking newspapers: “Turkish nationalists attack ‘wrong’ Chinese In Istanbul, Turkish nationalists attacked a group of Korean tourists during a protest against the treatment of the Uyghurs in China – they mistook the group for Chinese. The police intervened with tear gas…” I hardly find this report…

Anyone who doesn’t feel good should go/ Wer sich nicht wohlfühlt, soll gehen/ من لم يشعر بالراحة في مكانه فليغادر نجم والي

One of the magnificent quotes from Nobel Prize Laureate Mario Vargas Llosa about writers and exile is, “Anyone who doesn’t feel good, where he is, should go!” This statement becomes even more powerful when you consider that the Peruvian writer’s life is entirely permeated by politics. One of his works is entitled A Fish in…

An Attempt to Define Exile/ Ein Versuch, das Exil zu definieren/ محاولة في تعريف المنفى نجم والي

Often, writers in exile are faced with the question why they left their country and whether ultimately this wouldn’t lead to a loss of their memories, to their forgetting those private and cherished places where they’ve lived for years. Do their works not then lose the warmth and familiarity of those who were still living…

The Writers’ Protest at the Paris Salon du livre/ مسيرة الأدباء داخل معرض الكتاب في باريس

  From its founding in 1981, throughout its entire thirty-two years, the Paris Salon du livre never witnessed a protest by writers, poets, translators or publishing houses. The first such demonstration–perhaps the first in history—took place at this year’s book fair. The initial reaction by some of the visitors when they saw the writers’ protest…